Carbonaceous aerosols, (organic carbon: OC and black carbon/elemental carbon: BC/EC) constitute a significant fraction (∼10–70%) of the fine mode particles (PM2.5: particle cut-off diameters d ≤ 2.5 μm) have gain significant importance in aerosol research due to adverse effects on human health, environmental issues as visibility impairment, regional air pollution, etc. and are emitted into the atmosphere together by open biomass burning, indoor biomass/biofuel combustion for cooking and heating, and fossil fuels combustion. OC, is a cooling agent (a scattering particle), is emitted both as primary aerosols and as volatile organic gases that are subsequently converted to the secondary organic aerosols, however, BC, a climate-warming agent (an absorbing particle) is mostly emitted into the atmosphere from primary sources. Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) which is one of the highly populated and polluted region in the world due to a higher loading of atmospheric aerosols produced by both natural as well as anthropogenic sources, is located in the northern part of India. Recent studies indicated that the level of PM2.5 over IGP region is greater than 120 µgm-3 (annual mean) which is 3 and 10 times higher than the Indian National Ambient air Quality standard and US-EPA standard respectively. The contribution of carbonaceous aerosols to fine mode particles are ~ 40%. Due to the higher mass concentrations of BC, the mean atmospheric heating rates were observed greater than 2 K day−1 over this region and it would probably galvanize in the strengthening of temperature inversion which further leads to the poor dispersion and affecting the formation of clouds. We have taken several in-situ observations over IGP region of carbonaceous aerosols and found tremendous high concentrations. In details, we will discuss in my presentation. Our study suggests that the serious detrimental impacts on regional climate due to the high concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and are suggested that the competent authority will take immediate and stringent measures to improve the regional air quality in the northern part of India.