SCIENTIFIC RATIONALe

Our understanding of the Universe and Earth's atmosphere is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in observational facilities and the growing need for skilled researchers to analyze vast datasets. Both astronomy and atmospheric sciences rely on cutting-edge observational techniques, high-performance computing, and interdisciplinary approaches to address fundamental questions about the cosmos and our planet. This workshop aims to provide young researchers with the necessary expertise to explore both fields through hands-on training in data analysis and modelling techniques.

In astronomy, upcoming large-scale observatories such as the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) will surpass the capabilities of current facilities like the Very Large Telescope (VLT), Keck, and Gemini. In India, the 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) and the 4.0m International Liquid Mirror Telescope (ILMT) at ARIES are major assets for optical astronomy, with ILMT serving as the country's first dedicated survey telescope. These facilities will enable the discovery of transient celestial objects such as supernovae, quasars, and distant galaxies. Additionally, space-based missions like XMM-Newton, Chandra, AstroSat, and Fermi provide access to high-energy astrophysics, while ground-based radio observatories such as uGMRT, ALMA, and JVLA push the boundaries of radio astronomy. These advancements generate massive volumes of multi-wavelength data, necessitating trained researchers to maximize their scientific potential.

Similarly, atmospheric science is at the forefront of addressing critical environmental challenges, including climate change, air pollution, and extreme weather events. Accurate weather forecasting and climate modelling require an integrated approach combining satellite data, ground-based observations, and numerical simulations. Space missions such as NASA's TEMPO, ESA's Sentinel-5P, Korea’s GEMS, Japan’s GOSAT-GW, and ISRO’s INSAT-3D provide essential datasets for atmospheric research, complemented by reanalysis products like MERRA-2 and ERA5. However, these datasets require validation through high-resolution ground-based instruments. ARIES plays a crucial role in this effort with advanced facilities, including ST RADAR, LIDAR, and radiometers and balloon borne measurements with ozonesonde, which enable detailed studies of air pollution, aerosol interactions, and energy exchanges. High-performance computing further supports the analysis of atmospheric processes through numerical simulations.

Recognizing the importance of capacity building in both fields, this workshop will serve as a platform for B.Tech and M.Sc. students to develop expertise in observational techniques, data analysis, and numerical modelling. With dedicated sessions on both astronomical and atmospheric datasets, students will gain hands-on experience with cutting-edge tools and methodologies. By fostering a research-oriented mindset, this program aims to equip participants with the skills necessary to tackle pressing scientific challenges, whether in understanding the vast universe or addressing environmental concerns on Earth.